Overview of the effect of cigarette smoke on the development and Download Scientific Diagram COPD is mainly associated with cigarette biomass smoke. Download Scientific Diagram COPD is a progressive, largely irreversible airflow limitation characterized by chronic cough, sputum production, and dyspneamost commonly due to smoking. Spirometry (FEV FVC < 0.7) confirms diagnosis; smoking cessation is the most effective Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Montgomery Pulmonary Consultants
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