Chapter 4 The Role of Melanization and Cytotoxic ByProducts in the Cellular Immune Responses of Drosophila Against Parasitic Wasps ScienceDirect Melanosis coli** Melanosis coli is a benign, reversible condition characterized by brown black pigmentation of the colonic mucosa, most often due to chronic use of anthraquinone laxatives. The discoloration is caused Mitochondrial perturbation in immune cells enhances cell mediated innate immunity in Drosophila BMC Biology Springer Nature Link Innate Immunity in Insects: The Lights and Shadows of Phenoloxidase System Activation