Flavored e cigarettes modulate embryo development, fetal growth, and potentiate early fetal demise without nicotine Communications Medicine A new study from The Ohio State University found that vaping during pregnancy, even without nicotine, can change a baby's skull and face shape. Researchers exposed pregnant mice to common vape liquids Smoking and Tobacco Use Smoking and vaping patterns during pregnancy and the postpartum: A longitudinal UK cohort survey ScienceDirect