The Vexing Problem of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: Observations on Pathophysiology, Public Policy, and Clinical Science Richard H Kallet, 2015 Main endogenous and exogenous risk factors for VAP. Download Scientific Diagram Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a serious lung infection that occurs in patients on mechanical ventilation for over 48 hours. It is often caused by bacteria entering the lungs through the ventilator, leading Hap Vap Antimicrobial Resistance in Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: Predictive Microbiology and Evidence Based Therapy Infectious